Methods of protection

• The devitalized stumps tear before. After having completely stripped the stumps, a toxic product is injected into them (glyphosate, trichlopyr, potassium nitrates or a hormone-type herbicide). The uprooting of the stumps will be carried out at least 4 months after this treatment;
• The careful extirpation of the roots after uprooting, in order to avoid as much as possible leaving root fragments favorable to the survival of vector nematodes;
• The laying up of soil for 7 to 10 years, cultivating it for example cereals, alfalfa, lupine. This period may fluctuate depending on the nature of the soil and its rate of infestation ...
• The use of certified healthy plant material to carry out the plantation. To obtain them, the producers of plants have had and can have recourse to several methods: sanitary selection, thermotherapy, and culture of meristems.
• The realization of a nematicide treatment when the establishment of a rest of the soil is not possible. For this, after uprooting and good soil preparation, at least two solutions can be considered: disinfection of the soil with steam (usable on limited surfaces), treatment with 1,3-dichloropropene fumigant (e-phy) .

Method under validation

• The use of the species Muscadinia rotondifolia as a rootstock (known to show high resistance to Phylloxera and the nematode Xiphinema index ). Note that this rootstock presents recovery difficulties and incompatibility for grafting with Vitis vinifera (weak vegetative growth and manifestation of apical chlorosis). In addition, grafting would seem to induce a loss of resistance.
• Crosses between V. vinifera and M. rotondifolia were undertaken followed by backcrossing the progeny in order to obtain plants combining resistance to both nematodes and virus. This work has not yet been completed.
• The Somatic embryogenesis in vitro which enables to eliminate the GFLV the base material with a rate close des100%, without heat treatment;
• The chemotherapy in vitro with ribavirin during regeneration plants would eliminate GFLV at a rate of 94%, this without affecting the growth of such plants;
• The premunition or cross-protection, based on the infection of the vine by a strain of GFLV hypovirulent. Once inoculated into the plant, it more or less effectively protects it from superinfections by hypervirulent strains. The tests carried out show that this technique makes it possible to delay the onset of infection in a plot, to reduce the severity of symptoms and to increase yields;
• The transgenesis allowing the introduction into the vine fragments of the viral genome allows the synthesis either of the protein shell of GFLV, or of various enzymes that interfere with viral replication: proteinase polymerase, replicase, movement protein ...