Examples

 Direct observation of whitefly populations

• Follow-up procedure: it consists of 2 stages, detection of puparia (rigid envelopes of whitefly larvae pupation) and observation of symptoms.
• First step: observe the foliage and note the presence or absence of puparia on the plot. Puparia are blistered scale-like, oval, translucent, whitish to yellowish, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, with visible eyes, without legs and they may bear filaments.
• Second step: if whiteflies are observed, look for the presence of symptoms (discolored, withered, dried out leaves) and nuisances (honeydew that may be associated with sooty mold).

Other examples

Trapping of pests with chromatic and luminous traps, trapping of crawling auxiliaries by Barber pot, trapping of flying auxiliaries with interception in flight…