Crops
Nezara viridula , etc.
Bugs
General
- Biting-sucking insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, the suborder Heteroptera, the families Miridae, Pentatomidae, Coreoidea, etc.
- Several species* affect tropical vegetables, causing symptoms that are often not very damaging, mainly on leaves and fruits.
- Lygocoris pabulinus Linnaeus
- Equal spp.
- Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter
- Nezara viridula (Linnaeus)
- Dysdercus flavidus Signoret and D. fasciatus Signoret
- Leptoglossus gonagra Fabricius
- Anoplecnemis spp.
- Halticus spp.
- Cletus spp.
- Observed in the open field and under shelter.
*Remember that bed bugs could be vectors of bacteria and yeasts presumed to be responsible for spoilage or even rotting of fruit once introduced into it.
- Sensitive botanical family (s) * :
| Nezara viridula | Solanacées | Curcurbitaceae |
|
Dysdercus flavidus/ fernal/fasciatus |
Solanacées | Curcurbitaceae |
| Brassicas | Malvaceae | |
| Anoplecnemis spp. | Solanacées | Cucurbits |
| Brassicas | ||
| Leptoglossus gonagra | Solanacées | Cucurbits |
| Vegetables | ||
| Halticus spp. | Cucurbits | Composed |
| Brassicas | Vegetables | |
| Cletus spp. | Malvaceae | |
| Hypselonotus fulvus | Malvaceae | |
| Microtechnites sp. | Composed | Apiaceae |
| Phthia sp. | Solanacées | Cucurbits |
| Vegetables |
- Production area affected :
| Nezara viridula | Mayotte | Reunion |
| New Caledonia | French Polynesia | |
| Dysdercus flavidus/fernalis | Mayotte | Guyana |
| Halticus spp. | Mayotte | |
| Leptoglossus australis | Mayotte | French Polynesia |
| Leptoglossus gonagra | Reunion | Guyana |
| New Caledonia | ||
| Anoplecnemis spp. | Mayotte | |
| Cletus spp. | Mayotte | |
| Hypselonotus fulvus | Guyana | |
| Microtechnites sp. | Guyana | |
| Phthia sp. | Guyana |
- Organs attacked
| Leaves | Fruits | Rods |
Damage
- Symptoms :
- Wilting of apex leaves (Figure 1).
- Blisters on stems.
- Tiny punctiform spots (Figure 2) on young fruits around which the coloring of the underlying tissues is lighter than the rest.
- Larger, white to dark yellow spots on ripe fruit (Figures 3-8).
- Signs : Presence of larvae and adults on the affected organs (figures 2, 10 to 15).
- Possible confusion :
Biology
- Development cycle (figure 9): N. viridula goes through several stages: egg, 5 larval stages, adult. The length of its cycle (Figure 4) varies with temperature, from approximately 3 weeks at 30°C to 2 months at 20°C`.
- Eggs, off-white, in the shape of small kegs grouped in honeycombs on the underside of the leaves.
- Once the eggs hatch, larvae (Figures 12 to 14) dark red to black with white spots gradually disperse over the plants. Five larval stages follow one another, from the neonate larva which measures barely 1 mm to the old larva 1 cm long (figure 4-3), the last stage before the adult.
- Adults (Figure 15) measuring 1.2 to 1.6 cm long by 0.8 cm wide. They are light green in color in summer and take on a purplish brown tint in autumn and winter. Provided with 2 pairs of wings, the first pair, called “hemelytron”, is thick and sclerified in its upper part.
- Bug parasitizing many plants such as soybeans, rice, various vegetables (eggplant, cucumber, tomato, pepper, bean, etc.), as well as weeds which ensure its multiplication and serve as sources of infestation.
- Dispersal : Mobile larvae and flying adults ensure the dissemination of these insects.
- Limiting the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, following the development of integrated protection, seems to have contributed to the emergence of these bugs under shelter.
Protection
Weed the greenhouse and its surroundings.
- shelter insect-proof
- Install canvases insect-proof at shelter openings.
- Control the sanitary quality of the plants before and during their introduction into the shelter.
- Favor natural enemies in field crops or under open shelters.
- Use auxiliaries .
- Reason chemical protection, especially if you use auxiliaries.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28