Crops
Fruit abnormalities, deterioration
Many diseases cause abnormalities and deterioration of the fruit . Also, various qualifiers are used to translate these growth disturbances that we have, for simplicity, divided into 3 general categories of symptoms exemplified below:
- Fruit shape abnormalities
- Anomalies of external or internal coloring of the fruits
- Spots, more or less extensive damage on fruits
- Stains, alterations of rather limited size
- Spots, alterations on a particular area (exposed face, peduncular or stylar scars?)
- Spots, rather extensive alterations gradually evolving into rotting
- Stains, alterations in the form of rings, circles, various patterns
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In the presence of such symptoms, various causes are possible:
- either parasitic
- Many fungi such as;
- Alternaria spp. ( A. alternata, A. tomatophila ?)
- Botrytis cinerea
- Colletotrichum spp. ( C. coccodes, C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides )
- Didymella lycopersici
- Geotrichum candidum
- Mucor spp.
- Phytophthora infestans
- Phytophthora nicotianae
- Rhizoctonia solani
- Rhizopus spp.
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
-Sclerotium rolfsii
- Alternaria spp. ( A. alternata, A. tomatophila ?)
- Botrytis cinerea
- Colletotrichum spp. ( C. coccodes, C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides )
- Didymella lycopersici
- Geotrichum candidum
- Mucor spp.
- Phytophthora infestans
- Phytophthora nicotianae
- Rhizoctonia solani
- Rhizopus spp.
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
-Sclerotium rolfsii
- Various bacteria
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
- Pectobacterium spp. ( Erwinia spp.)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
- Xanthomonas spp.
- Pectobacterium spp. ( Erwinia spp.)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
- Xanthomonas spp.
- Virus divers
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)
- Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
- Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
- Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)
- Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)
- Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
- Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
- Other pests
- Aculops lycopersici
- Bemisia tabaci
- Caterpillars of noctuids
- Various birds
- Drawing pins
- Thrips
- either non-parasitic
- Genetic abnormalities
- Silver plating
- Sun burns
- Corky stalk scar
- Corky stylar scar
- Yellow collar
- Green collar
- Growth slits
- Fruit with "zipper"
- Faceted fruit
- Fruit cordiforme
- Fruit mucronné (Mucron)
- Pointed fruit
- Hail
- Marbrure
- Microfissures
- Golden speckle
- Apical necrosis
- Various phytotoxicities
- Golden dots
- d'autres virus tels que Tobacco etch virus (TEV) , Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) , Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) , Tomato infectious chlorosis viru (TICV) , Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) , Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) ;
- Silver plating
- Sun burns
- Corky stalk scar
- Corky stylar scar
- Yellow collar
- Green collar
- Growth slits
- Fruit with "zipper"
- Faceted fruit
- Fruit cordiforme
- Fruit mucronné (Mucron)
- Pointed fruit
- Hail
- Marbrure
- Microfissures
- Golden speckle
- Apical necrosis
- Various phytotoxicities
- Golden dots
Other causes, less frequent or not encountered in France, are possible:
- d'autres champignons tels que Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium pullulans , Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. , Phoma spp ., Pleospora plants , Pythium spp. ( P . Aphanidermatum ?), Sclerotinia minor, Stemphylium botryosum , Plant cucumber , Trichothecium roseum , Ulocladium consortiale;
- d'autres champignons tels que Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium pullulans , Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. , Phoma spp ., Pleospora plants , Pythium spp. ( P . Aphanidermatum ?), Sclerotinia minor, Stemphylium botryosum , Plant cucumber , Trichothecium roseum , Ulocladium consortiale;
- various bacteria such as Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. , Leuconostoc spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens;
- and other causes abiotic : various wounds (vibrator blow?), internal browning, nutritional disorders (deficiencies or toxicities), sooty mold, gray wall, cold temperatures, white internal fibrous web, fruit pox, welt.
Further information is mentioned in the work "Les maladies de la tomate" by D. Blancard, published by Éditions Quae.
In this symptomatological context, the diagnosis is rather easy to carry out. Indeed, most of the deteriorations observed on fruits are quite characteristic, their origin should, in the majority of cases, be quickly identified (figure 1). It should be noted that certain diseases, whether parasitic or not, only cause symptoms in fruits. Others cause damage to both the fruits and one or more other organs of this nightshade. It will often be interesting to look for them on the plant to confirm your diagnosis.
It should be noted that we had difficulty classifying the symptoms observed on fruits and in particular those linked to spots or similar alterations, this from a single criterion. We nonetheless objectively favored the criteria which seemed to us the most relevant to characterize these lesions: sometimes very limited dimensions, a particular location such as the peduncular scar, the presence of patterns such as rings.
In this symptomatological context, the diagnosis is rather easy to carry out. Indeed, most of the deteriorations observed on fruits are quite characteristic, their origin should, in the majority of cases, be quickly identified (figure 1). It should be noted that certain diseases, whether parasitic or not, only cause symptoms in fruits. Others cause damage to both the fruits and one or more other organs of this nightshade. It will often be interesting to look for them on the plant to confirm your diagnosis.
It should be noted that we had difficulty classifying the symptoms observed on fruits and in particular those linked to spots or similar alterations, this from a single criterion. We nonetheless objectively favored the criteria which seemed to us the most relevant to characterize these lesions: sometimes very limited dimensions, a particular location such as the peduncular scar, the presence of patterns such as rings.